Various laryngological procedures are performed for the treatment of organic and functional voice disorders, as well as diseases of the upper airway. Using the state-of-the-art, diagnostic tools, such as laryngeal video-endostroboscopy, acoustic analysis, and airflow measures, an accurate, clinical diagnosis of patients presenting with history of dysphonia is made prior to any surgical intervention. The medical and surgical options are thoroughly discussed with an emphasis on voice therapy and rehabilitation following surigical manipulation. The surgeries most commonly performed at the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) are as follows:

• Phonomicrosurgery for the treatment of benign lesions of the vocal folds, such as nodules, polyps, and cysts. Using very fine, cold, steel instruments or the carbon dioxide laser, 0.2 mm, spot-size, meticulous dissection and excision are carried out while preserving the unique morphology of the human vocal fold.
• Submucosal, vocal-fold, fat implantation, coupled with voice therapy, for the treatment of scarred, vocal fold in patients with persistent dysphonia post-operatively and cases of sulcus vocalis presenting with voice disturbances
• Medialization procedures for the management of unilateral, vocal-fold paralysis or fixation using either endoscopic injection or thyroplasty type I with the implentaion of either Gortex, Titanium, or silastic block
• Lateralization procedures for the treatment of patients with bilateral, vocal-folds, impaired mobility presenting with stridor and respiratory distress. The narrow glottic chink is widened using either the carbon dioxide laser or electrocautery while preserving the phonatory function of the vocal folds.
• Vocal-fold augmentation procedures for the treatment of vocal-fold atrophy and cases of presbylarynges
• Denervation and re-innervation procedures as surgical options for the treatment of patients with spasmodic dysphonia. Laser myo-neurectomy is also an option discussed with patients who refuse or are resistant to the Botulinium Toxin Injection
• Tracheo-plasty and tracheal resection for the treatment of tracheal stenosis secondary to scarring, chronic infection or malacia
• Various types (I-IV) of cordectomies as surgical options for the treatment of T1 and T2 lesions of vocal folds besides radiation therapy
• Laryngectomies, partial, total, or near total for the management of laryngeal cancer
• Various, laryngeal-framework surgeries for pitch alteration